For an explanation of how to read this resource, refer to the guide at the end.
AI Regulation
In November 2024, the Ministry of Technology and Science launched the ‘National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2024-2026’ (the “AI Strategy”).1
In April 2025, the Zambian Cabinet approved in principle a Bill to repeal the Data Protection Act No. 3 of 2021, aiming to broaden the country’s legal framework to cover technologies like AI, machine learning, and data analytics.2
Definitions of AI
The AI Strategy defines “Artificial Intelligence” as “[a] branch of computer science focusing on creating systems that can perform tasks requiring human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception (listening and seeing) and understanding language”.
Core Principles
The AI Strategy outlines 10 guiding principles, each broken down into further areas. The principles include: (i) Ethical and Responsible AI; (ii) Inclusivity and Accessibility; (iii) Innovation and Economic Growth; (iv) Data Privacy and Security; (v) Sustainable Development; (vi) Collaboration and Partnership; (vii) Good Governance and Regulatory Compliance; (viii) Capacity Building and Skills Development; (ix) Infrastructure Development; and (x) Societal Well-being and Public Trust.
Public Consultations
Based on publicly available information, we have not found evidence of invitations for public input on AI governance in the country.
Existing Legal Framework
A non-exhaustive list of regulations that might affect AI in the country includes:
- Constitution of Zambia3
- Eighth National Development Plan 2022-2026 (8NDP)4
- Electronic Government Division 2023-2026 Strategic Plan5
- Service Delivery Charter for Digital Services, dated 20236
- National Digital Transformation Strategy for Zambia (2023-2027)7
- National ICT Policy 20238
- National Electronic Government Plan 2023-20269
- National Cyber Security Policy, 202110
- Information and Communications Technologies Act, 2009 (Act No. 15 of 2009)11
- Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2021 (Act No. 4 of 2021)12
- Electronic Government Act, 2021 (Act No. 41 of 2021)13
- Electronic Government (General) Regulations, 202314
- Data Protection Act, 2021 (Act No. 3 of 2021)15
- Data Protection (Registration and Licensing) Regulations, 202116
- Access to Information Act, 2023 (Act No. 24 of 2023)17
- Cyber Security Act, 2025 (Act No. 3 of 2025)18
- Cyber Crimes Act, 2025 (Act No. 4 of 2025)19
- Competition and Consumer Protection Act, 2010 (Act No. 24 of 2010)20
Human Rights
The UDHR was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948. Its principles are considered universal and applicable to all UN member states. As a member of the UN, Zambia has committed to upholding the principles of the UDHR. The Constitution of Zambia includes provisions that protect fundamental human rights.21 Articles 11 and 17 guarantee the right to privacy (protection of the privacy of the home and other property, protection of the person or property from search, and protection from entry onto premises). Other guarantees include the rights to life (Articles 11(a) and 12), freedom of expression (Articles 11(b) and 20), and non-discrimination (Article 23). Zambia has ratified several key international human rights instruments, including the ACHPR, ICCPR, and ICESCR. Additionally, Zambia has ratified the Malabo Convention.
Regulators
A non-exhaustive list of regulators that might impact AI in the country includes:
- Ministry of Technology and Science (MOTS)22
- National Science and Technology Council23
- Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA)24
- Electronic Government Division, which, according to the above-mentioned Electronic Government Division 2023-2026 Strategic Plan, is an upgrade to the Smart Zambia Institute (SZI)25
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)26
- Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC)27
- Zambia Bureau of Standards (ZABS)28
- Human Rights Commission29
R&D and Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives
In June 2024, MOTS signed a memorandum of understanding with Google for the establishment of an AI Center of Excellence at the University of Zambia.30 The facility, to be hosted by the Zambia Research and Education Network (ZAMREN), aims to advance AI research, innovation, and digital skills development.31
Professional/Industry Associations
Based on publicly available information, we have not found evidence of professional or industry associations dedicated to AI in the country. However, the Information and Communications Technology Association of Zambia (ICTAZ) is an association with a broad scope that could include AI.32
Advisory Bodies and Expert Groups
Based on publicly available information, we have not found evidence of advisory bodies or expert groups dedicated to AI in the country.
Guide
- AI Regulation: The term "regulation", as used in this resource, encompasses measures ranging from binding laws to national AI policies and strategies, government proposals, advisory guidelines, and industry standards that address AI systems and their implications.
- Existing Legal Framework: This section outlines the relevant legal framework, excluding any AI-specific regulations presented in the initial section.
- Human Rights: The following terms have the stated meanings: "ACHPR" means the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, "ICCPR" means the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "ICESCR" means the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, "Malabo Convention" means the African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection, "UDHR" means the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and "UN" means the United Nations. Any reference to an “Article” or “Section” of the Constitution is to the version of the Constitution referenced herein.
- Advisory Bodies and Expert Groups: This section excludes legislative and parliamentary committees.
